Comparison Sorting
Quicksort usually has a running time of nxlog(n), but is there an algorithm that can sort even faster? In general, this is not possible. Most sorting algorithms are comparison sorts, i.e. they sort a list just by comparing the elements to one another. A comparison sort algorithm cannot beat nxlog(n) (worst-case) running time, since nxlog(n) represents the minimum number of comparisons needed to know where to place each element.
Alternative Sorting
Another sorting method, the counting sort, does not require comparison. Instead, you create an integer array whose index range covers the entire range of values in your array to sort. Each time a value occurs in the original array, you increment the counter at that index. At the end, run through your counting array, printing the value of each non-zero valued index that number of times.
Example:
Input:
10063 25 73 1 98 73 56 84 86 57 16 83 8 2581 56 9 53 98 67 99 12 83 89 80 91 39 8676 85 74 39 25 90 59 10 94 32 44 3 89 3027 79 46 96 27 32 18 21 92 69 81 40 40 3468 78 24 87 42 69 23 41 78 22 6 90 99 89 5030 20 1 43 3 70 95 33 46 44 9 69 48 33 6065 16 82 67 61 32 21 79 75 75 13 87 70 33
Output:
0 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 1 01 2 1 1 1 3 0 2 0 0 2 0 3 3 1 0 0 0 0 22 1 1 1 2 0 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 2 1 3 2 0 0 2 1 2 1 0 2 21 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 0 3 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 2 2
Approach:
Java
import java.util.Arrays;public class CountingSort1 {public static void main(String[] args) {int[] arr = { 63, 25, 73, 1, 98, 73, 56, 84, 86,57, 16, 83, 8, 25, 81, 56, 9, 53, 98, 67,99, 12, 83, 89, 80,91, 39, 86, 76, 85, 74, 39, 25, 90, 59,10, 94, 32, 44, 3, 89, 30, 27, 79, 46,96, 27, 32, 18, 21, 92,69, 81, 40, 40, 34, 68, 78, 24, 87, 42,69, 23, 41, 78, 22, 6, 90, 99, 89, 50,30, 20, 1, 43, 3, 70, 95,33, 46, 44, 9, 69, 48, 33, 60, 65, 16, 82,67, 61, 32, 21, 79, 75, 75, 13, 87, 70, 33 };int[] cnt = countingSort(arr);System.out.println(Arrays.toString(cnt));}private static int[] countingSort(int[] arr) {int n = arr.length;int[] cnt = new int[100];for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {cnt[arr[i]]++;}return cnt;}}
C++
#include <bits/stdc++.h>using namespace std;vector<int> countingSort(vector<int> arr){int n = arr.size();vector<int> cnt(100);for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){cnt[arr[i]]++;}return cnt;}int main(){int n = 100;vector<int> arr = {63, 25, 73, 1, 98, 73,56, 84, 86, 57, 16, 83,8, 25, 81, 56, 9, 53, 98,67, 99, 12, 83, 89, 80, 91,39, 86, 76, 85, 74, 39, 25,90, 59, 10, 94, 32, 44, 3,89, 30, 27, 79, 46, 96, 27,32, 18, 21, 92, 69, 81, 40,40, 34, 68, 78, 24, 87, 42,69, 23, 41, 78, 22, 6, 90, 99,89, 50, 30, 20, 1, 43, 3, 70,95, 33, 46, 44, 9, 69, 48, 33,60, 65, 16, 82, 67, 61, 32, 21,79, 75, 75, 13, 87, 70, 33};vector<int> cnt = countingSort(arr);for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++){cout << cnt[i] << " ";}return 0;}
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